Basic Social Science

BASIC SOCIAL SCIENCE

A.      SCIENCE-SOCIAL SCIENCE

Social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that examine different aspects related to human and social environment. Science is different from the arts and humanities because it emphasizes the use of scientific methods in studying human beings, including quantitative and qualitative methods. This term also includes the study illustrates the broad scope in various fields including human behavior and interaction in the present and the past. Unlike the social sciences in general, social science does not focus on one topic in depth but rather provide a broad overview of the community.

Social sciences, in studying aspects of society as a subjective, inter-subjective and objective or structural, previously thought to be less scientific when compared with the natural sciences. But now, some parts of the social sciences have been widely used quantitative methods. Similarly, interdisciplinary approaches and cross-disciplinary in social research on human behavior and social and environmental factors that influence it has made a lot of natural science researchers are interested in some aspects of social science methodology. The use of quantitative and qualitative methods has been increasingly integrated in the study of human action and the implications and consequences.

Because it is a simplification of the social sciences, Social Sciences in Indonesia serve as subjects for elementary school students and junior secondary schools. As for the level above it, ranging from high school and college level, studied social sciences based on the branches of the sciences in particular department or faculty that focused on studying it.

             The main branches of social sciences are:

    

1.Anthropology, which studies human beings in general, and particularly cultural anthropology, which studies the cultural aspects. Anthropology is one branch of social science that studies about the culture of a particular ethnic community. Anthropology was born or came originated from an interest of the Europeans who see the physical traits, customs, culture different from what is known in Europe.
Anthropology is more focused on community residents who are single, single in the sense of unity of the people living the same area, much like sociology anthropology but in sociology focuses on community and social life.

2.Economics, which studies the production and distribution of wealth in society. Economics is one social science that studies human activities associated with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Human beings as social beings and the economy is basically always faced economic problems. The core of the economic problems facing mankind is the fact that human needs are not limited in number, while the means of satisfying human needs are limited.

3.Geography, which studies the location and spatial variation in physical and human phenomena on Earth's surface. Geography is the study of the location and the similarities and differences (variation) of spatial physical and human phenomena on Earth's surface. Geography is more than cartography, the study of maps. Geography is not just what is where on earth, but also why it's there and not somewhere else, sometimes defined as "location in space." Geography learns this, whether caused by nature or humans. Also studies the consequences of those differences.

    

4.   Law, who studied the system of rules that have been institutionalized. Law is the most important system in the implementation of a series of institutional power of the misuse of power in politics, economy and society in various ways and act, as the main intermediaries in social relations between people of the criminalization of the criminal law, criminal law which is the way the state can sue actors in constitutional law provides a framework for the creation of law, protection of human rights and expanding political power as well as the manner in which their representatives will be selected. Administrative law is used to review a decision of the government, while international law set the matter between sovereign states in activities ranging from environmental regulation of trade or military action. Philosopher Aristotle stated that "A rule of law will be much better than compared to the rampant tyranny rules."

5.Linguistics, which studies the cognitive and social aspects of language. Linguistics is the science of language. Depending on the point of view, the approach a researcher, then science is often classified linguistic in cognitive science, psychology and anthropology.

6.Education, which studies issues related to learning, learning, and the formation of character and moral. Education is a conscious and deliberate effort to create an atmosphere of learning and the learning process so that learners are actively developing the potential for him to have the spiritual strength of religious, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, as well as the necessary skills themselves and society.

7.Politics, which studies a group of human government (including country). Political science is a branch of social science that discusses theory and practice of politics as well as a description and analysis of political systems and political behavior. This science-oriented academic, theoretical, and research.

8.Psychology, who studies behavior and mental processes. Psychology is the science which studies human behavior in relation to its environment.
According to the original he says, is etymologically psychology can be interpreted by the study of the soul.

9.History, who study the past that relates to humanity. History of science is the science that is used to study the important events of the past humans. Historical knowledge includes knowledge of the events that have past and the knowledge of how to think historically.

10.  Sociology, which studies society and human relationships within it.  Society is a group of individuals who have a relationship, have a common interest, and have a culture. Sociology wants to study society, people's behavior, and human social behavior by observing the behavior of the group he founded. As a science, sociology of knowledge society is composed of the results of scientific thought and can be critical in the control by others or the public.
The group includes families, tribes, nations, and various political organizations, economic, social.

Not less than 400 years, according to some sources, the scientific world domination and authority are in a paradigm of positivism (Muslih, 2005). The main issue that was brought by the understanding of this is in reflection of his philosophy is very focused on methodological aspects. The point is how to obtain valid knowledge about reality. This issue becomes important because a positive understanding of themselves meant to be "what is based on objective facts" of social science methodology but the symptoms stem  from  human subjectivity, the interest and the will, does not interfere with the observation that the object of social action. Because it was at that time the social sciences can thrive in the community are less distinct when Indonesia won its independence until now new.

Some form of socials science development in Indonesia after winning independence we can see from:

    1. Establishment of academic politics in Yogyakarta
    2. Establishment of Gajah Mada university hall.
    3. Establishment of the academy.

B. SOCIAL SCIENCE (IPS)

Social Sciences are simplified social sciences for the purpose of education and teaching in elementary and secondary schools. The material of social science disciplines such as geography, history, sociology, anthropology, social psychology, economics, political science, law, and other social sciences.

C. BASIC SOCIAL SCIENCE (ISD)

Basic Social Sciences is a combination of the disciplines of social sciences in use in approach and solving social problems that arise in the community.

Background Basic Social Science

·            The amount of criticism aimed at the higher education system by several scholars.

·            Our education system into something of our own elite society those are less familiar with     the environmental community.

                           Three Types of Basic Social Science Capability:

1.         Personal ability (Personal capacity):
Can demonstrate the attitude and personality Indonesia know and understand the religious, values, community, state and broad view of society.

2.          Academic Ability:
ability to communicate scientifically, either oral or written, control equipment
analysis, logical thinking, critical, systematic, and analytical.

3.         Professional capabilities:
ability in the field of professional expertise is concerned. Experts are expected to have
knowledge is high.

Basic Social Science as a component MKDU

MKDU consisted of six subjects, namely: religion, Pancasila, civics, Basic Natural Sciences (IAD), Basic Social Sciences (ISD) and the Cultural Studies Association (IBD). Social Science Basic Course is not a discipline but rather a study of multi-or interdisciplinary nature. Basic Social Sciences are taught to provide basic knowledge and common sense to the students about the concepts developed to assess the social phenomena that occur in the vicinity. Thus, students are expected to have high social sensitivity towards the social environment. With its social sensitivity, students are expected to have social care in applying their knowledge in the community.

Objectives Basic Social Science:
Foster insight into the thinking and personality extensive, and can consult with one another.

Scope of Discussion Basic Social Science

1.      The existence of the aspects which is a social problem that can  respond with its own approach.

2.      The existence of diversity and unity of other social groups in society.

Based on the scope of the above would still need further elaboration for subjects which are:

1.         Studying various problems of population and its relationship with society and  culture.

2.          Studying the problems of individuals, families and communities.

3.         Studying the relationship between citizen and state.

4.         Studying the problems faced by urban and rural communities.

5.         Studying science and technology for prosperity of society and  poverty   reduction.

Social problems and Basic Social Science
 

A.                Social Issues

Social problems is the impact of the difference in the level of cultural development of society and the state's natural environment in which people live.
Understanding social problems:

1.         According to the people: Everything related to public interest.

2.         According to the experts: A condition or development that is realized in society.

B.                 Social Issues Social Science vs. Expert

Some social scientists feel that by using the approach to social problems as a framework the nature of human society and culture will be more understandable.

C.                 Social Issues Social Science vs. Elementary

Looking at the problem objectively and subjectively, objectively means a problem that has been developed in the social sciences are used. Subjective means the problem will be assessed according to the perspective of society.

Adapted from Reference sources:
*      Http://charolynez.blogspot.com/2009/10/i ...
**    Basic Books Social Sciences Work Wahyono Effendi et al

 ***  http://wasnudin.blogdetik.com/2010/10/05/ilmu-sosial-dasar/

 ****http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_sosial